Данная статья является реферативным изложением основной работы. Полный текст научной работы, приложения, иллюстрации и иные дополнительные материалы доступны на сайте IV Международного конкурса научно – исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся «Старт в науке» по ссылке: https://school-science.ru/1017/3/1112.
Relevance. English is one of the simplest and demanded languages in the world. There are more than 400 million native speakers on the Earth, and more than 500 million people, for which English is the second official language. In this regard its studying is extremely popular among the Russian population.
Formulation of a problem. Training by the abroad is a difficult process that demands careful studying of the matter, beginning from the choice of the country and finishing with a necessary package of documents. Our work promotes acquaintance with the main information that will facilitate the choice of the person interested in studying of English by the abroad.
Research object. Comparison of the English-speaking countries on a number of signs: income, safety, work, quality of education and lives.
Problem readiness. This problem enjoys popularity among students and graduates of schools, but also is urgent for an adult segment of the population.
Hypothesis. Comparison of the major factors influencing the standard of living in the country and acquaintance with the documents accompanying process help with the choice of the English-speaking country for training in it to language.
Research objective. Having studied the matter to simplify a problem of the final choice of the English-speaking country for training.
Tasks. Within implementation of an effective objective, it is necessary to carry out the following tasks:
- Collection of information about various English-speaking countries.
- Removal of the major factors influencing the choice of the country for training in English.
- Comparison of collected information for the purpose of creation of rating of the English-speaking countries with the best indicators of level of living.
- Development of offers on acceleration of the high-quality final choice of the country.
Methods of the solution of tasks. Methods of the solution of the tasks set in work are:
- Studying of research works of various authors, Internet of resources.
- Holding poll and the analysis of information obtained during the research.
Main section
1.1. The theoretical section
Basic concepts and terminology
Factor – An independent variable, categorical or continuous, controlled by the experimenter. However, «factor» is sometimes used synonymously with categorical variable, regardless whether it is controlled.
Human Development Index – (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) – it is a unique forum where the governments of 34 democracies with market economies work with each other, as well as with more than 70 non-member economies to promote economic growth, prosperity, and sustainable development.
Visa – it is a conditional authorization granted by a country (typically to a foreigner) to enter and temporarily remain within, or to leave that country.
1.2. The reasons for the popularity of the English language and learning it overseas.
Why should I learn English?
While you are thinking where to study English and which course to take, you might also want to ask yourself: why should I learn English?
There are many good reasons to learn English, from the professional to the personal. It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations, and more than 67 countries have English as their official or native language, more than any other language in the world.
- Learning English can really help you in your career and enhance your CV
- Research suggests that on average, people who use languages in their jobs earn around 8 % more
- Over 1/3 of businesses want people specifically for their language skills
- The international business community often uses English to communicate, and often requires employees to speak multiple languages
- Building relationships with people – professionally or otherwise – is an invaluable skill
- Although it is hard to estimate the exact numbers of English language speakers in the world, it is thought that about one billion people speak English as a first or second language, the joint-highest number of any language
- 55 % of all websites are in English
- The majority of electronic communication is in English – being able to read and write emails is a big advantage
- If you want to study at university in countries like the US and the UK, you need to be proficient in English
- The number of people learning English is expected to reach around 2 billion people over the next decade
- There are several exams for international students that measure English ability and are globally recognized
- Learning a language can give you a great sense of personal achievement
- Some of the world’s best music, films, and TV shows are in English. Understanding the language will give you a better appreciation of these cultural highlights
- Speaking English will help you meet all kinds of people and make great friends
- Learning English abroad will help give you a better understanding of other cultures
- The English you learn while abroad will help you to travel more easily
2.3. The main factors for the choice of the English-speaking countries of foreign language teaching.
2.3.1 Which Country is the Best to Study English?
When you are looking for an English school the first priority is to decide on which country you would like to follow an English course. This decision is based on many different factors. Some people want have a prior interest in a country, while others are motivated by which country is the cheapest to study English. Of all English speaking countries for standard English the main locations are the UK, Ireland, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. There is also the option of English speaking countries in the Caribbean and Malta (though not the first language spoken), where English is an official language.
There are many things to consider before choosing a location to study in an English school. Do you want to stay close to your home country or would you like to experience something further away? Would you like to travel when you study? Do you want to study with people from your home country? Would you like to work while you study. Weather will also have an impact on your experience, especially when you study.
If you choose Ireland, the UK, Canada or the East Coast of the United States September to February you will have to deal with the cold. If you choose Australia during these months you will experience the hottest season. If you choose the UK or Ireland places of interest are closer together, which makes tourism easier and less time consuming. If you choose Australia or the US you will have much longer distances to cover and the additional expense of transportation.
Every country will have positive and negative points depending on what experience you are looking for.
2.3.2. Pros and cons about studying English in each country.
Studying English courses in English schools in the UK English schools and courses in the UK
PROS+
The UK has the longest tradition of teaching English and thousands of schools to choose from. Compared to other locations towns and cities are closer together. Which is excellent for tourism though train and bus fares are expensive. The most expensive place to study is London, where both course fees and the cost of living is high. The further away from London you go the cheaper the cost. It is also said that the further away from London you go the friendlier people become. Scotland has a reputation of being very welcoming. There is a wide range of courses which are well designed and tested. It’s hard to get bored.
CONS-
It is more expensive than other countries. The weather is cold and wet. There is a wide divergence between accents over small distances. Where as in the US, Australia and South Africa the accent doesn’t change much over hundreds of miles in the UK, neighbouring cities can have differences in pronunciation. Being a popular destination for English study means there is a lot of competition from fellow students for part time work in large cities. It is estimated that up to 25 % of schools are bogus schools set up to permit students to work legally, but not attend classes.
Studying English courses in English schools in Ireland English schools and courses in Ireland
PROS+
Ireland is known as a very friendly country and many students say it is one of the easiest places to make friends. The homestay families have a reputation for being very welcoming The costs are cheaper than England while the English spoken is similar to standard British English (with a slight accent). Ireland is a good base to explore the rest of Europe. Cheap flights to the UK and the continent make travelling cheap and easy.
CONS-
The weather is cold and wet for most of the year. Most students say that they adjust to this quite quickly but if it’s sunshine you’re looking for you will not have any guarantee of it in Ireland.
Studying English courses in English schools in Australia English schools and courses in Australia
PROS+
The weather is good and the people are friendly and laid-back. The lifestyle is more outdoorsy then other countries, people take advantage of the parks and beaches. The homestays are high quality and the homes tend to be bigger than those in the UK and Ireland.
CONS-
If you would like to see more of Australia there are large distances between cities to cover and airfare is expensive. This said, there is a large backpacking culture in Australia with many people from the U.K. Ireland and Canada spending a year there before or after university courses which makes it easier to find accommodation and make English speaking friends. The weather can be very hot and humid in summer (December to February).
Studying English courses in English schools in New Zealand English schools and courses in New Zealand
PROS+
New Zealand is well known for the amazing natural scenery. There are lots of affordable outdoor activities which allow you to take advantage of this. New Zealand is also a popular destination for backpackers. The homestays are of good quality.
CONS-
It’s a long way away.
New Zealand statistics office
Studying English courses in English schools in the United States of America English schools and courses in the USA
PROS+
It’s a big country with amazing cities and scenery. Third level education is very well developed. Over 600,000 foreign students study in the US every year. Most people have some preconceptions about the USA and to visit and see how people live in reality is interesting.
CONS-
Americans tend to use much more slang than other English speaking countries. If you spend a lot of time with younger people you may end up learning a lot of words that no one outside of your group of friends will understand. Compared to other English speaking countries the English spoken is less international and less grammatically correct.
There is much more paper work involved in applying to US schools if you require a visa. Also the application fees are quite high, which must be paid without guarantee of being let out of the airport once you arrive.
In many cases it is illegal to work even when you have a visa and even when you are allowed there are condition on where you can work (legally).
You will probably get fat.
Studying English courses in English schools in Canada English schools and courses in Canada
PROS+
The cost is lower than in the United States. Canadians usually speak English more correctly than Americans and use less slang. It is very easy to travel to the US from Canada.
CONS-
There are long distances between cities. It’s cold in the winter.
Studying English courses in English schools in South Africa English schools and courses in South Africa
PROS+
The cost of the courses is lower as is the cost of living. The weather is nice. Neutral English which is spoken more slowly than other countries. You also have the opportunity to experience African culture and go on a safari.
CONS-
South Africa isn’t as safe as other countries. There are social problems, it’s not safe to be out in the streets late in the day. It’s hot.
Studying English courses in English schools in Malta English schools and courses in Malta
PROS+
The weather is warm. It’s a small country so everywhere is close. The cost is lower than in the other European countries. For some nationalities entry and visa applications are much easier.
CONS-
English isn’t the first language of most of the population. It’s very difficult to find work.
2.3.3 Information about each country.
United Kingdom
Population: 62,6 mil.
Visitors per year: 31,1 mil.
Renewable energy: 4.5 %
The United Kingdom performs well in most measures of well-being relative to most other countries in the Better Life Index. The United Kingdom ranks above the average in personal security, environmental quality, civic engagement, social connections, health status, jobs and earnings, and housing. It is below average in income and wealth.
In the United Kingdom, the average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 26 687 a year. There is a considerable gap between the richest and poorest – the top 20 % of the population earn nearly six times as much as the bottom 20 %.
In terms of employment, over 73 % of people aged 15 to 64 in the United Kingdom have a paid job.
Good education and skills are important requisites for finding a job. In the United Kingdom, 79 % of adults aged 25-64 have completed upper secondary education.
In general, people in the United Kingdom are just as satisfied with their lives as the OECD average. When asked to rate their general satisfaction with life on a scale from 0 to 10, British people gave it a 6.5 grade, in line with the OECD average.
Factor – An independent variable, either categorical or continuous, controlled by the experimenter. However, «factor» is sometimes used synonymously with categorical variable, regardless whether it is controlled.
Australia
Population: 23,1 mil.
Visitors per year: 6,1 mil.
Renewable energy: 4.6 %
Australia performs very well in many measures of well-being relative to most other countries in the Better Life Index. Australia ranks at the top in civic engagement and above the average in income and wealth, environmental quality, health status, housing, jobs and earnings, education and skills, subjective well-being, and social connections
Money, while it cannot buy happiness, is an important means to achieving higher living standards. In Australia, the average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 33 138 a year, but there is a considerable gap between the richest and poorest – the top 20 % of the population earn more than five times as much as the bottom 20 %.
In terms of employment, around 72 % of people aged 15 to 64 in Australia have a paid job, 13 % of employees work very long hours.
In Australia, 77 % of adults aged 25-64 have completed upper secondary education, close to the OECD average of 76 and in terms of the quality of its educational system, the average student scored 512 in reading literacy, math’s and science in the OECD’s PISA.
PISA – Programme for International Student Assessment
Ireland
Population: 4,6 mil.
Visitors per year: 6,0 mil.
Renewable energy: 6.1 %
Ireland performs well in many measures of well-being relative to most other countries in the Better Life Index. Ireland ranks above the average in housing, personal security, health status, education and skills, social connections, subjective well-being, work-life balance, and environmental quality, but below average in income and wealth and civic engagement.
The average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 22 969 a year. In terms of employment, some 61 % of people aged 15 to 64 in Ireland have a paid.
Good education and skills are important requisites for finding a job. In Ireland, 79 % of adults aged 25-64 have completed upper secondary education. In terms of the quality of its education system, the average student scored 516 in reading literacy, maths and science.
In general, Irish people are more satisfied with their lives than the OECD average. When asked to rate their general satisfaction with life on a scale from 0 to 10, Irish people gave it a 6.8 grade, higher than the OECD average of 6.5.
USD – United States Dollar
New Zealand
Population: 4,5 mil.
Visitors per year: 2,6 mil.
Renewable energy: 38.3 %
New Zealand ranks at the top in health status and social connections. It ranks above the average in income and wealth, environmental quality, civic engagement, personal security, housing, subjective well-being, education and skills, and jobs and earnings, but below average in income and wealth.
In New Zealand, the average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita is lower than the OECD average of USD 29 016 a year.
In terms of employment, 74 % of people, aged 15 to 64 in New Zealand have a paid job, around 14 % of employees work very long hours.
In New Zealand, 74 % of adults have completed upper secondary education. In terms of the quality of its educational system, the average student scored 509 in reading literacy, maths and science in the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
In general, New Zealanders are more satisfied with their lives than the OECD average. When asked to rate their general satisfaction with life on a scale from 0 to 10, New Zealanders gave it a 7.4 grade.
United States
Population: 311,6 mil.
Visitors per year: 171,6 mil.
Renewable energy: 6.3 %
The United States performs very well in many measures of well-being relative to most other countries in the Better Life Index. The United States ranks at the top in housing, and income and wealth. They rank above the average in health status, jobs and earnings, education and skills, social connections, personal security, subjective well-being, environmental quality, and civic engagement.
The average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 41 071 a year, the highest figure in the OECD.
68 % of people aged 15 to 64 in the United States have a paid job, above the OECD employment average of 66 % and around 12 % of employees work very long hours.
Education and skills are important requisites for finding a job. In the United States, 90 % of adults aged 25-64 have completed upper secondary education.
In general, Americans are more satisfied with their lives than the OECD average. When asked to rate their general satisfaction with life on a scale from 0 to 10, people in the United States gave it a 6.9 grade, higher than the OECD average of 6.5.
South Africa
Population: 52,4 mil.
Visitors per year: 14,5 mil.
Renewable energy: 11.0 %
Since 1994 South Africa has made great progress in reducing absolute poverty by rolling out social grants for pensioners, the disabled and children. Access to education, housing, water, electricity and other services has been greatly broadened. As a result, well-being has increased substantially.
In South Africa, the average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 8 712 a year, less than the OECD average.
A key factor behind the high income inequality is the low employment rate, especially of black South Africans. Nearly 43 % of people aged 15 to 64 in South Africa have a paid job Nearly 43 % of people aged 15 to 64 in South Africa have a paid job.
Concerning the public sphere, there is a strong sense of community, where 90 % of people believe that they know someone they could rely on in time of need, above than the OECD average of 88 %. Voter turnout, a measure of citizens’ participation in the political process, was about 73 % during recent elections, above the OECD average of 68 %. In South Africa only 65 % of adults aged 25-64 got upper secondary education.
Malta
Population: 0,5 mil.
Visitors per year: 0,6 mil.
Renewable energy: 4.7 %
There is something about a new year that spurs us on to make life-changing decisions. At Malta Inside Out this week, we’ve had five emails from people overseas thinking about moving to Malta and asking about aspects of living and working here. Can a professional American couple nearing retirement age live on $2,000 a month here, comfortably? Can they find work if they need to?
Your decision on where to move is likely to be driven by personal, emotive and practical issues such as schooling, language and whether you can move ‘back home’ relatively stress free should you change your mind one year on in your new country.
Canada
Population: 34,9 mil.
Visitors per year: 25.3 mil.
Renewable energy: 17.9 %
Canada performs very well in many measures of well-being relative to most other countries in the Better Life Index. Canada ranks above the average in housing, subjective well-being, personal security, health status, income and wealth, social connections, environmental quality, jobs and earnings, education and skills, work-life balance, and civic engagement.
Money, while it cannot buy happiness, is an important means to achieving higher living standards. But there is a considerable gap between the richest and poorest – the top 20 % of the population earn about five times as much as the bottom 20 %.
In terms of employment, over 72 % of people aged 15 to 64 in Canada have a paid job, more than the OECD employment average of 66 %. Some 75 % of men are in paid work, compared with 69 % of women.
Good education and skills are important requisites for finding a job. In Canada, 90 % of adults aged 25-64 have completed upper secondary education, well above the OECD average of 76 %. This is truer of women than men, as 89 % of men have successfully completed high-school compared with 91 % of women. This reverses the OECD average picture, where men are slightly more likely to have graduated high school. Canada is a top-performing country in terms of the quality of its educational system.
In terms of health, life expectancy at birth in Canada is 82 years, two years higher than the OECD average of 80 years. Life expectancy for women is 84 years, compared with 79 for men. Canada also does well in terms of water quality, as 90 % of people say they are satisfied with the quality of their water, more than the OECD average of 81 %.
Concerning the public sphere, there is a strong sense of community but only moderate levels of civic participation in Canada, where 94 % of people believe that they know someone they could rely on in time of need, higher than the OECD average of 88 %.
In general, Canadians are more satisfied with their lives than the OECD average. When asked to rate their general satisfaction with life on a scale from 0 to 10, Canadians gave it a 7.4 grade, higher than the OECD average of 6.5.
Conclusion
Survey results and statistics showed that most of school students want to apply the knowledge of English to training on it language. The salary, quality of training and quality of life were the most important factors in case of the choice of the country. With a considerable separation, pupils preferred training in Canada.
The statistics of poll corresponds to results of our research. In the countries, with the lowest standard of living of persons interested to study is practically not present. Conditions of training are extremely important. Also the countries in which training qualitative, but expensive, enjoy smaller popularity.
Библиографическая ссылка
Нестерова А.И., Козырь К.В. ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ВЫБОР АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОЙ СТРАНЫ ДЛЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ // Международный школьный научный вестник. – 2018. – № 3-2. ;URL: https://school-herald.ru/ru/article/view?id=538 (дата обращения: 21.12.2024).